Social justice in the Islamic economy is based on spiritual commitment and the concept of universal brotherhood among human beings which requires that all resources be sacred trust God, used to realize Maqashid Shari’ah, it is the fulfillment of human life. This paper describes the theory of social justice that focus on Islamic financial. The foundation of Islamic justice can be seen from al-Qur’an Surah al-Hadid: 25 affirming that justice has been emphasized by the Qur’an as the primary mission of the Prophets sent by God Almighty, including economic justice and the elimination of the income gap. Social justice in Islam is the implication of the fundamental principle underlying all the teachings of Islam, namely monotheism. At the level of practice, Islam prohibits usury, Islam seeks to build a society based on honesty and fairness. Justice in this context has two dimensions, namely the financiers are entitled to a reward, but should be commensurate with the risk and effort required, and the reward is determined by the profit. Implementation of Islamic justice theory in Islamic finance can be seen from mudharabah and Musharaka or commonly known as a profit and loss sharing.

Policy environment particularly local content legislatures in most emerging economies where oil and gas are produced have become major development agenda of host countries and stakeholders alike. Apparently, efforts are made to enact local content legislature as a means of optimizing oil and gas benefits. Per contra, mixed results had been ascertained with regards to outcome of these policies. This study was conducted to determine how dimensions of policy environment impact on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) investment in the Ghanaian oil and gas sector. This study relied on primary data and structured questionnaire to elicit data from 497 Ghanaian SMEs across different industries. Using explanatory research design and binominal regression model we found that Skills and expertise development policy, local workforce education policy, employment policy and macro-economic environment policy significantly increase the odd of SMEs investment in the Ghanaian oil and gas sector. However, technology transfer, research and development policies exert insignificant influence on SMEs investment decisions. This study has implications on oil and gas policy reforms, investment decisions and future research. Particularly we recommend replication of this study within other emerging economies.

This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of zakat institution and proposes the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) since it has developed and provides various product i.e zakat for productive purpose. This is important, considering that one of the measurement of accountability and transparency of an institution is providing brief financial report towards its beneficaries. Thereby, this study found that practically zakat institution is simillar to the SMEs, and there are 11 strandard of IFRS for SMEs that could be applicable to zakat institutionto achieve accountability and transparency. However, this study is preliminary study that proposes a conceptual frameworkwhich limited to the sharia compliance of IFRS that could be applicable to zakat Institution.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of financial distress, rewards and company performance using return on assets (ROA), managerial ownership, ownership concentration, directors’ composition and leverage on directors’ remuneration with company size, leverage and company age as control variables. The study population comprised manufacturing companies in the food and beverage sector listed on the ASEAN state stock exchange. The study used a purposive sampling method. The sample number consisted of 68 manufacturing companies. The data used are secondary data obtained from ASEAN state stock exchanges. Data analysis used multiple linear regression. The results indicate that ROA, managerial ownership, ownership concentration, firm size and leverage have a significant effect on directors’ remuneration, while financial distress, reward, company age and state have no significant effect on directors’ remuneration. The implications of study mean that boards of directors can conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the directors’ remuneration system by establishing a team that has the authority to provide input and formulation of a remuneration system that meets the principle of fairness.

In general, this paper will explore features and patterns of Islamism in Indonesia after the downfall of Suharto’s regime in which people called it as reformation era. In Indonesian context, the Islamism at least have four characteristics; (i) promoting Islam as a sole basis in transforming society, (ii) acknowledging Islam as an ideology, (iii) among at the establishment of Islamic state, (iv) which is characterised by implementing Shari`ah laws in daily lives. These four attributes may be used in capturing the growth of Muslim’s perception on state and democracy in the era of Islamic revival. The above views spread in the various streams or any schools existed in Indonesia, both Islamic movements and other form that is very influential in the process of democracy in Indonesia.

This paper aims at calculating and analyzing the Index of Syariah Financial Inclusion (ISFI) during the period of 2015-2018 and its correlation with poverty level in Indonesia. Using the secondary data of 33 provinces in Indonesia from Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), Bank Indonesia and Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) and Index of Financial Inclusion (IFI) method, this paper found that the Index of Syariah Financial Inclusion is generally low and DKI Jakarta is the most financially inclusive province of Indonesia. Furthermore, the results show that the Index of Syariah Financial Inclusion is negatively correlated with the poverty level. This conclusion suggests the promotion of Syariah Financial Inclusion to be a policy priority in Indonesia to achieve the central goals of inclusive growth, welfare and economic development.

The study aims to examine the financing profitability optimization as recorded by Sharia Business Unit of Regional Development Banks (RDBs) in Indonesia. The profitability measured by Net Operating Margin (NOM) and predicted variables were tested with the ratio of Operational Cost to Operational Income (BOPO), Non-Performing Financing (NPF) and Profit Sharing Financing (PSF). On the basis of the literature review conducted, the study proposed five path coefficients to impact NOM, of which the constructed direct path to NOM was three and two for indirect paths. Time series data used were obtained from annual reports and publication reports. Using Pearson Correlation and Path Analysis, the study has found that BOPO, PSF, and NPF contributed to impact to NOM directly, and PSF impacted NOM indirectly through BOPO. Interestingly, PSF recorded a negative impact on NOM, suggesting inefficiency matters faced by SBU of RDBs not contributed from PSF. Another interesting finding, NPF was found insignificant to BOPO, indicating loan default is not a major matter for inefficiency issue, but could be a tight financing policy

This study investigated dimensions of SME’s constraints and decisions to Invest in the Ghanaian Oil and Gas Sector. Using a binominal regression model we analyzed primary data from 497 local SMEs. The study found that SMEs with inadequate capital, had high level of competition, had high corruption perception, lacked policy awareness, lacked adequate external credit facilities, had inadequate information, lacked managerial capabilities, lacked technological capabilities were less likely to invest in the Ghanaian oil and gas sector. Per contra, inadequate human resources capabilities, inadequate entrepreneur characteristics exerted no significant influence on SMEs decisions to invest in the Ghanaian oil and gas sector. This study has implications on oil and gas policies, investment decisions and future research. Particularly Ghanaian government is required to expedite and enforced the Local Participation in Petroleum Activities Policy under the Petroleum Regulations. This study could be replicated within other emerging economies using different models.

This study sought to ascertain critical determinants of Islamic Banking (IB) adoption among different religious groups. The study draws on from the Theory of Planned Behaviour, Diffusion of Innovation, Theory of Reasoned Action and Technology Acceptance Model on IB adoption. The study employed a quantitative research paradigm to study 600 individual financial service users in Ghana. Structured questionnaire from previous studies was adopted, modified and used to conveniently elicit data from the participants. Smart Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was deployed to analyse the empirical data. The results show that perceived knowledge, perceived benefit, perceived innovativeness, perceived religious promotion, customer’s attitude and readiness to comply with sharia were significant determinants of IB adoption for the Muslims, Christians and Africa Traditional Religion (ATR) sub-groups. However, perceived threat of violence was a significant negative determinant of IB adoption for the Christians and ATR sub-groups but insignificant for the Muslims sub-group. More so, perceived religious promotion was a negative factor for ATR sub-groups intention to adopt IB. The result pinpoints the need for formalization and demystification of IB to attract different religious groups. However, theseresults should be taken as preliminary since counterfactual analysis (CFA) across entire Ghana is required to validate IB implementation and adoption. Although these results support most previous studies further empirical research is proposed to replete this study across other Non-Islamic States in the SubSahara Regions

Islamic Waqif has an important role as one of the instruments in the economic empowerment of the people. In history, awqf played an important role in the development of social, economic and cultural life of the people. Both laws and regulations in the form of Law No. 41 of 2004 and Government Regulation No.42 of 2006 regulating the interests of worship, education, social and more important are the interests of the people's economic welfare. This study has a general purpose to formulate productive awqf management strategies in Indonesia, with specific objectives as follows: a.Identify constraints in developing productive awqf in Indonesia; b. Formulate productive awqf management strategies in Indonesia as literacy efforts in the field of da'wah in the community. Research examines the factors that influence the productive awqf management in Indonesia, through interviews of experts and regulators. Then analyze the policy. With the ANP and SWOT methods, that found the Strengths factors are Regulations / Laws and the largest Muslim population in the world. While Weaknesses are a lack of socialization and traditional mindset about awqf. Elements in the SWOT method, which is an opportunity to develop awqf (Opportunity) is the collection of endowments as the main element of worship and Professionalism in managing waqif funds. And the Threats in waqif management are materialistic lifestyle (hedonism) and non-Islamic education patterns. It is expected that the results of this study can provide input to the Regulators (Government and Legislature), Academics, Wakif and the Community beneficiaries of the awqf itself

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to examine the inter-generational transfer by not only looking at the monetary transfer as discussed by many economists and sociologists but also by advancing the conceptual discussion and illustrating it with some examples of empirical comparison. Design/methodology/approach – This paper provides recent theoretical and empirical work on inter-generational transfer from the viewpoint of different systems and compares it to the Islamic view of inheritance. Findings – One finding of this paper is that the Islamic inheritance system is a socially and economically more comprehensive and broad framework than inter-generational transfers from another system. Originality/value – This paper is considered as an original approach to the framework of the Quranic basic source and Islamic literature regarding inter-generational transfer compared to another system.

Religion and work are seldom discussed. The two have caused scholars to question the religion’s role with work. This paper reviews research on the integrate between religion and work by examining issues of concept, definition, measurement, and reviewing research that examines the relationship of work and religion with respect to: different times, types of people, organize human interactions and sources of knowledge. We then discuss the methodological requirement for reintegrating work studies into social institutional theory and indicate what the conceptual payoffs of such integration might be. These payoffs include breaking new conceptual ground, resolving theoretical puzzles and envisioning the nature of new social institutions

This study aims to present the economic ideas of Ibn-e-Sīnā, dealing with the concept of wealth management. In order to achieve its objectives, this study employs qualitative research that refers to the meanings, concepts, definitions, characteristics, metaphors, symbols and descriptions of the matter under study. The study uses the literatures of Ibn Sīnā related to tadbir al-manzil (economics) to develop a theoretical model of managing wealth that integrates the material, spiritual, moral, social and legal dimensions. There are two methodologies of this study, namely interpretative and historical analytic methods. In his wealth management, there are two main variables; kasb (earning) and infāq (spending). The kasb (earning) is from al-tijārah (trade) and al-ṣinā‟at (manufacturing skills), while infāq is the function of infāq ijtimā'i (common expenditure), infāq dīni (religious expenditure) and aliddikhār (savings). Finding of this study is that the concept of managing the wealth derived from Ibn Sīnā is still relevant to the modern concept of Islamic wealth management

This paper is to analyse determinants that influence implementation of accounting standards for Islamic financial institutions. It’s done by examining the history of accounting standards and two different contexts as applied to Islamic financial institutions in the United Kingdom and Indonesia. The paper adopts meta-analysis method by exploring available texts and literature with the goal to learn ‘what is going on here?’ and to investigate social phenomena without explicit expectations. Employing the Ibn Khaldun perspective, this study analyses two determinants i.e. institutional setting that may be suitable in the context of the United Kingdom, and accounting needs in the case of Indonesia. The research shows the determinants are well fitted with interdisciplinary characters of Ibn Khaldun model of civilization.

Maqasid Syariah Abu Zahra sebagai Model Pengukuran Kinerja. Penelitian ini berupaya untuk menganalisis model maqasid syariah Abu Zahrah sebagai sistem pengukuran kinerja dan menggunakannya untuk mengevaluasi kinerja bank syariah. Metode yang digunakan adalah kombinasi tinjauan pustaka dan survei terhadap 97 bank Syariah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menemukan tiga dimensi maqasid syariah, yaitu pendidikan, keadilan, dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Meskipun demikian, penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa secara umum bank syariah belum mencapai kinerja maqasid syariah secara optimal. Dimensi pendidikan masih memiliki kinerja paling rendah dibandingkan kedua dimensi lainnya.

The autonomy the local government is based on the political decision which was reformed from bureacratic centralistic to participatory decentralistic of government system. The Law no 22,1999 on the Local Government has created a new paradigm in the practice of local autonomy that the execution of power must be on the regency or town authorities. On the other side, Indonesia’s Islamic economy is powered by entities of islamic law based of banking system (Bank Syari’ah) that emerged its right moment in the post 1998 Indonesia’s economic crisis. After that moment, the Syariah’s financial industry was on rapid development in this country. And in line with that development, there have been many banking institutions grow in the regions. This article has intention to describe the role of economy based on Islamic law in the socio-economic development of the local governments. It also tries to look from finance as well as non finance aspects and other push factors, and its implication toward macro national economic.

This study aims to examine the determinants of zakat payers’ (muzakki) interest to pay zakat through Zakat Management Organization (ZMO). The respondents were muzakki (Zakat payers) who paid their zakat on profession/income through ZMOs in Indonesia. The number of respondents is 100 muzakki who were selected randomly. Using the structural equation modelling (SEM) method, this study found that transparency of zakat management, ZMO promotions through public figure involvement, and the supporting regulation which imposes zakat as a tax deduction have a significant impact on muzakki's interest to pay zakat through ZMO. Meanwhile, improvement of digital services and socialization of zakat through social media do not have a significant effect on the muzakki's interest. However, using sub-sample who are active users of social media, this study discovered a negative effect of the use of social media for ZMOs marketing on muzakki’s interest. This finding reinforces the suitability of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in the context of muzakki's behavior of paying zakat that is influenced by the quality of ZMO services.

Market failures in the financial system may be indicated by the absence of opportunities for the poor to get financial services. This also happens in the practice of Islamic banking. For this reason it is popping up a lot of non-market institutions - Islamic Microfinance Institutions (IMFi) is one of them - which tried to cover up the weaknesses of banking practices. However, the development IMfi is not effective in alleviating poverty and not much different from most banks. In turn, Islamic Microfinance-based groups emerged in the hope of further empowering the poor and ensure that financial services can be viable for them and they are able to repay their loans with three main approaches that implemented simultaneously; (1) spiritual approach (2) financial approach and (3) social approach. This study is expected to empirically test whether Islamic Microfinance-based groups can ensure that the poor can get financial services and are able to repay their loan on time. Using Structural Equation Model the study proved that social capital values which embedded within the Islamic Microfinance-based groups influence the behavior of the poor in repaying their debts. As a policy recommendation, Islamic Bank should consider to prefer Islamic Microfinance-based groups as partners in the realization of their linkage program for the poor so that poverty alleviation program can be optimally implemented.

This paper highlights the policies and institutional setting of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) development in Indonesia, followed by a discussion on the players in Islamic microfinance. Emphasis has been given to the potential role of Baitul Mal wa Tamwil (BMT, Islamic cooperative) as a strategic community-based micro lending initiative. The importance of Islamic microfinance initiatives as part of national program for the development of SMEs in Indonesia is also discussed. This paper argues that Islamic microfinance initiatives in Indonesia could represent an alternative source of finance for SMEs. The role of SMEs, especially after the Asian monetary crisis, was considered a safety valve for the national economic recovery both in enhancing economic growth as well as in reducing the unemployment rate. Credit distributed to SMEs has minimum risk and has sounder and better performance compared to larger enterprises. However, although having a significant role, SMEs actually have serious problems particularly as related to their capability in accessing formal financial institutions. This paper concludes by identifying the potential linkages between players in Islamic microfinance and highlights some critical points in their activities

The purpose of this study is to compare the cost efficiency of takaful and its conventional insurance counterparts in Malaysia. The study measures the cost efficiency scores of takaful and conventional insurance companies in Malaysia over the period 2009-2011 using non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) based on selected multiple input and output variables. Output variables used are gross premium and investment income while input variables are management expenses, fees and commission expenses. The study finds that conventional insurance companies in Malaysia performed better efficiency than takaful companies in 2011. The finding is consistent with study by Ismail, et al (2011) and Saad (2012). The study suggests that takaful and conventional insurance companies should allocate input more efficiently and improve the quality of services as the average scale efficiency is higher than the average of overall and technical efficiency. Takaful must also be more alert towards external factor costs as the scale of efficiency continuously decreased. In order to be more focused, the study only compares the efficiency of takaful and conventional insurance companies from an input oriented approach. The study is also limited to 7 takaful operators and 19 conventional insurance companies and, as such, the finding is most probably indicative, but does not reflect the overall performance of the takaful industry. As part of a policy recommendation, the study provides data on cost efficiency of conventional insurance and takaful companies in Malaysia, which is valuable for regulators in formulating appropriate policy to enhance the competitiveness of the takaful industry in Malaysia.