Productive zakah program that run by BAZNAS and LAZ was a real contribution to reduced poverty. Productive zakat aimed to made mustahiq became more productive. However, these goals had not been achieved maximum. There were two main problems in running productive zakah program. They were problem from internal party of BAZNAS/LAZ and problem from external party of BAZNAS/LAZ. Among the internal problems were: 1) Immaturity of program planning, 2) Less of capable human resources, 3) No fixed success indicators. The external problems were: 1) Lack of zakat institution management, 2) Lack of entrepreneurial spirit among mustahiq, 3) Mustahiq was not understand about the rule of productive zakah program. This study concluded that the dominant problem was an internal problem of the BAZNAS / LAZ – with priority problem lied in 'immaturity of program planning'.

The sale of pawn broking certificate is one of long-existing phenomena in Malaysia. This raises the question on what is the real purpose of this kind of transaction and the position of Shariah towards this activity. The authors undertake this research to examine this activity and to comprehend the issue from the Shariah point of view. The authors employ both semi-structured interview and observation methods. The research found that this kind of transaction actually refers to the sale of pledged asset by the pledgor (pawner) in case he experiences financial difficulties to redeem his asset under pledge. The proceeds will be used to pay the debt as well as the storage fee. The excess of proceeds (if any) is the exclusive right of the pledgor while the asset, previously used as pledge, is owned by the broker who purchased the certificate.

Takaful (Islamic insurance) is an alternative concept to conventional insurance, which the Shari’ah prohibits because it contains elements of usury (riba), features of substantial uncertainty (gharar) and gambling (maysir). The present study examines the issue of unequivocally prohibited riba in conventional insurance and how the takaful structure resolves this issue. The study suggests that the takaful model, which is structured based on the concept of mutual assistance, as rooted in the tabarru’ principle, can eliminate all riba arising from the exchange features of conventional insurance. The study concludes with a set of actionable policy recommendations.

The present study aims to examine the role of zakat in addressing unemployment and inflation, while also revisiting A.W. Phillips’ trade-off theory. The study adopts a qualitative methodology, using library research to critically analyse how zakat could address unemployment and inflation. The study argues that the optimal application of zakat could overcome the issue of unemployment while maintaining price stability. This is true since zakat can be distributed in two forms: consumptive and productive. Therefore, an increase in aggregate demand will always be followed by a rise in aggregate supply; the distribution of zakat in the consumptive form will increase aggregate demand, while the distribution of zakat for a productive purpose will increase aggregate supply. An increase in aggregate demand would in turn increase production, thus absorbing more labour as a result. This is where zakat addresses unemployment. On the other hand, a rise in aggregate demand will initially inflate the aggregate price. However, since the increase in aggregate demand is simultaneously followed by an increase in aggregate supply due to the distribution of zakat in its productive form, the price remains stable. Aggregate demand and aggregate supply cross at an equilibrium point. More importantly, the price is stable while the quantity of production is at its highest level. The findings of the study serve as a reference point for regulators formulating fiscal policy embedded in the zakat system.

The paper aims to examine the relevant provisions of the newly released BNM Shariah Governance Policy Document relating to the board of directors, Shariah Committee and senior management of the Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) in Malaysia. The study is qualitativebased research. It reviews two documents, i.e. BNM Shariah Governance Framework 2010, and BNM Shariah Governance policy 2019. It uses a content analysis approach to understand and compare the two frameworks from the perspective of the board, the Shariah Committee and senior management. The study finds that SGP 2019 enhanced features of the preceding SGF 2010 revolving around enhanced board oversight and roles over Shariah governance, strengthened Shariah Committee (SC) requirements in providing independent and sound advice to IFIs, as well as a greater expectation for the board and senior management in promoting Shariah compliance culture. This paper examines the areas which have been addressed by the new framework to improve several issues which have been highlighted during the implementation of the previous framework, SGF 2010.

hariah compliance is an important aspect of all Islamic financial instruments and transactions. With the growth of innovation in the finance industry, Islamic fintech's presence has added players, such as digital platforms, which need to comply with shariah. Therefore, this study aims to examine Islamic Peer-to-Peer (P2P) financing activity implementation as part of the fintech business model. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, a thorough analysis was conducted of digital contract papers, prospectuses, and the positions of parties involved in six Indonesian Islamic fintech companies. This involved analysing the shariah compliant quantitative characteristics of a company's prospectus, with financial reports related to interest, debt, and non-permissible income screening. The shariah compliance implementation is not only the duty of Shariah Supervisory Boards, but also involved all interested parties, namely investors, providers, partners, and business owners/borrowers. The results of the study show that shariah compliance in Islamic P2P platforms has been well enforced, therefore avoiding usury (riba), uncertainty (gharar), and gambling (maysir), while ensuring that businesses are offering halal products. Also, the results are expected to provide insight into shariah compliant fintech and how it can continue to develop in terms of Islamic financial products and services. In addition, this study can become a benchmark in the implementation of shariah compliant fintech products.

Successfully passing the 1998 crisis, the DSN MUI fatwa mentioned that interest is haram, religious image, and the principle of profit sharing are the main things that legitimize the operations of Islamic banks in Indonesia. However, the public is not quite sure about the legitimacy of Islamic banks. This is marked by many criticisms of Islamic banking products which are considered similar to conventional bank products, questionable contributions to society, and fraud that occurs within the Islamic bank itself which increasingly makes the public question regarding the operational practices of Islamic banks. This study takes a fully public point of view in analyzing the public legitimacy of BSM (Bank Syariah Mandiri) with the content analysis method of variable disclosure that the public wants to know through the annual report released to the public. The results of the study show that although there are still many things that are not disclosed by BSM in its annual report, BSM is still quite legitimate as a Sharia bank

The study examines the determinants of Islamic financial inclusion in Indonesia by applying Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and Binary Logistic Regression. Through a field survey across Indonesia’s five main islands, the study gathered responses from 291 primary data samples. The study discovered that Islamic financial inclusion in Indonesia is determined by both the demand and supply sides. Two most significant determinants of Islamic financial inclusion in Indonesia from the demand side are financial literacy and social influence while on the supply side is human capital. The study also includes references and policy recommendations to help Indonesia’s financial regulators in formulating effective policies and strategies to foster the country’s Islamic financial inclusion agenda.

: Islamic insurance, hereafter referred to as takaful, is established on the concept of mutual assistance and mutual assurance between participating members who undertake to mutually guarantee and indemnify one another in case of a particular defined event. This concept has been widely used to structure various takaful products, ranging from general to family takaful, with features that resemble most of the features of conventional insurance. Nevertheless, the fact remains that not all conventional product features can be easily adopted and offered by takaful operators (TOs). This is evident in the absence of a Shari’ah-compliant model for retirement annuity plans with defined benefit features in the Malaysian takaful industry. This is despite its important features of providing security and peace of mind to the participants during their retirement years. The present study proposes the application of a hibah mu’allaqah (conditional gift) contract structured together with a wakalah (agency) contract for a Shari’ah-compliant retirement annuity plan. The study also identifies several potential Shari’ah issues and operational challenges entangling the proposed model. The study concludes with a set of policy recommendations

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat efisiensi Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil (BMT) dengan mengambil studi kasus BMT MMU dan BMT UGT Sidogiri Pasuruan tingkat cabang dengan total sampel 50 cabang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Two Stage DEA. Tahap pertama mengukur tingkat efisiensi BMT MMU dan BMT UGT dengan menggunakan DEA. Tahap kedua menguji faktor-faktor internal dan eksternal, yang mempengaruhi tingkat efisiensi BMT MMU dan BMT UGT dengan menggunakan pendekatan Tobit. Hasil penghitungan DEA menunjukkan, efisiensi overall technical BMT MMU (0,84) dan BMT UGT (0,88) pada tahun 2008 masih kurang optimal. Penyebab utama inefisiensi untuk BMT MMU adalah penyaluran pembiayaan, sementara sumber utama inefisiensi BMT UGT adalah penghimpunan dana pihak ketiga yang kurang maksimal. Hasil pengolahan Tobit menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan modal dan ukuran BMT memiliki pengaruh positif secara signifikan terhadap efisiensi overall technical pada dua BMT. Sementara dari sisi eksternal, PDRB perkapita memiliki pengaruh negatif secara signifikan. Adapun pertumbuhan pengangguran, tingkat pendidikan, dan komitmen keberagamaan tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan

Takaful (Islamic insurance), being an important emerging sector in the Islamic financial industry, has exhibited remarkable growth across the globe over the last few decades. This indicates an enormous demand for takaful products, from short-term general takaful to long-term family takaful. As a result, takaful has attracted sizable attention from both Muslim and non-Muslim countries. Nevertheless, the industry continues to experience a plethora of contentious issues in its operational models. The present study explores the evolution of takaful models and their future direction.

This study aimed to investigate the waqf motivation in carrying out waqf in Bogor City. Primary data and questionnaire techniques were used by distributing to 103 waqif respondents. Factors were grouped into 2 categories, internal and external. Internal factors were religiosity, waqf literacy, trustworthiness in waqf institutions, income & wealth. Meanwhile, external factors included performance efficiency, tax incentives, the role of government, and the role of scholars. The method used was path analysis for internal factors and multiple linear regression analysis for external factors using SPSS 21. The results showed that waqf literacy and trustworthiness affected religiosity and also to waqf motivation while income & wealth had no effect. The role of government and the role of scholars had a significant positive impact on waqf motivation, but the performance efficiency of the institution and tax incentive had no significant effect.

Objectives – This study aims to strengthen the role of Islamic pawnshop in financing for Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Methods – This study is employing Analytic Network Process (ANP) approach Results - The main problem of Islamic pawnshop in expansion was its internal. The most priority solution was socialization through promotion and advertisement. The appropriate strategy to be executed was marketing strategy to expand Ar-Rum product (financing for MSMEs) through sales marketing. Conclusion - The considered action is massive socialization to the societies using effective and efficient marketing strategy.

It is challenging for Islamic banking as a business institution to provide qard al hassan. In this paper, we proposed qard al hassan platform (QHP) as the model which can be implemented for Islamic banking. QHP can use an internet base where the synergy of public to give fund through social crowdfunding and the capability of bank to provide good corporate governance in managing fund and assessment qard al hassan as financing in productive sector. Since there is no fee of qard al hassan to finance operational cost, there are 3 sources will be proposed. First is money from fee for Amil Zakat, second is profit of some portions of collection fund investment, and third is a profit of investment of the upfront payment of qard al hassan. Methodology to calculate upfront payment refer to Mesbah Point. Regarding minimizing and controlling the default rate, the bank should focus on the right target market of borrower and low risk industry sectors. Implementing QHP model can reduce poverty and achieve sustainable growth in society while at the same time creating the fairness of wealth distributing. The needy and the poor can participate in production and create its own wealth. However, the implementation of QHP could not be implemented without adjustment in regulation and set up infrastructure. Regulators need to give bank permission to collect zakat, sadaqah, cash waqf from public and as wakil of funder to execute QHP and together with banking industry to set up the infrastructures.

The purpose of this study is twofold; 1). to find the measurement scale of service performance and 2). to examine the impact of service performance dimensions on customer satisfaction in Indonesian Islamic banking context. This study employs survey method with cluster sampling technique. Self-administered questionnaire, with 408 Islamic commercial bank customers as respondents, is used to collect the data/information. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) is adopted to test the dimensionality of service performance and customer satisfaction. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach is employed to examine the impact of service performance dimensions on customer satisfaction. Results reveal 5 dimensions; physical, interactions, process, technology quality and sharia-compliance reflect service performance measurement scale. It is evidence that 3 dimensions; physical, process and sharia significantly impact on customer satisfaction. Interestingly, another 2 dimensions; interaction and technology do not significantly impact on customer satisfaction

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of predominant cultural values on banking disclosure. On one hand, Islamic banks have practiced Islamic principles which are universal for all countries. Islamic banks are expected to provide transparent information especially in terms of social and Shariah(Islamic) compliant information as Islamic banks claim themselves to have social objectives as the prime consideration. Islamic banks also have Shariah supervisory body to ensure that the banking activities and business operations are in line with Islamic requirements. On the other hand, Hofstede‘s cultural dimensions and Gray‘s hypotheses have rendered remarkable contributions in financial and accounting practices among different nations. Examining 45 Islamic banks in 11 Moslem majority countries, this paper focuses on four particular cultural dimensions namely individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, uncertainty avoidance, and power distance and whether these dimensions have an impact on transparency. This study found that two out of four national cultures still have significant effect on the transparency level in Moslem majority countries.

This study examines the effects of Intellectual Capital (IC) and its components (capital employee, human capital, and structural capital) and Sharia Compliance on Islamic banks’ financial performance in Southeast Asia. The value-added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) approach developed by Pulic (1998) is used to determine the IC performance of 30 Islamic banks for the years 2018, 2019, and 2020. The study reveals that human capital and structural capital significantly affect Islamic banks' financial performance. However, this study fails to demonstrate that VAIC, capital employed, and sharia compliance affect Islamic banks’ financial performance. This study contributes to enriching the Islamic economy and finance literature because only a few studies test the factors affecting the Islamic banks’ financial performance in Southeast Asia.

Historically, zakah institution was only run by the state, which was indeed managed under the state or public logic. On the other hand, we are now in the era of ‘civic society’, where the ‘bureaucratic decline’ emphasized the incapability of the state to be an efficient actor of development (Bawole, Ibrahim, Hossain, & Mensah, 2017; Hirschmann, 1999). The role of non-state actors is increasingly important to be the better development engines. The fact as mentioned earlier has put these non-state actors of development, including zakah institutions, in a dilemma between two institutional logics: market or commercial logic and public or social logics (Schröer & Jäger, 2015). These institutions must face distinct problems which do not occur in a conventional single-logic organization. They regularly need to deal with the conflict between two logics, financial or social logic

Discussions on waqf and waqf institutional development currently it has become one of the major topics in the national and international discourse, especially in Muslim countries. Waqf institutions has great potential to support job creation, providing educational opportunities, and to reduce reliance on government funding. However, some problems related to the management of Waqf as asset maintenance, management and mobilization of waqaf asset should be followed. Some recent research suggests there is no specific guidance in preparing and maintaining continuity waqf report as a means of accountability through transparent reporting. In addition to the accountability report itself, the credibility of the institution of Waqf manager also requires the evaluation of performance. As a nonprofit organization, the performance of Waqf institutions may not be determined by certain financial ratios, but how the institution is able to move effectively Waqf assets and how those assets can contribute to the welfare of the people. Therefore, the performance framework Waqf institutions need to be developed. This conceptual paper aims to develop a performance measurement framework for Waqf institutions

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of predominant cultural values on banking disclosure. On one hand, Islamic banks have practiced Islamic principles which are universal for all countries. Islamic banks are expected to provide transparent information especially in terms of social and Shariah(Islamic) compliant information as Islamic banks claim themselves to have social objectives as the prime consideration. Islamic banks also have Shariah supervisory body to ensure that the banking activities and business operations are in line with Islamic requirements. On the other hand, Hofstede‘s cultural dimensions and Gray‘s hypotheses have rendered remarkable contributions in financial and accounting practices among different nations. Examining 45 Islamic banks in 11 Moslem majority countries, this paper focuses on four particular cultural dimensions namely individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, uncertainty avoidance, and power distance and whether these dimensions have an impact on transparency. This study found that two out of four national cultures still have significant effect on the transparency level in Moslem majority countries.