The professional ethics of accountants is an important issue directly relating to the integrity of the profession and its ability to secure the public trust. The fraudulent activities in accounting field indicate the failure of accounting education as the beginning stage of the practice. It is perceived that those happen due to deficiency of moral values inserted in the education level. Inevitably, education system is alleged as the main cause of the problem. Accounting education seeks for moral values to generate ethical accountants as part of society. Accordingly, the visibility of ethics education in accounting programs may initiate the development of morality and also increase public confidence in the profession. However, the efforts to integrate ethical values in educational system will not work well if there are no moral commitments implanted in the individuals. Islam with its divine values plays the notable role to embed cognitive ethical values. It emphasizes on the unity of God, the accountability to God and the concept of maslahah (public benefits) to be the foundations of ethics. Incorporating Islamic ethics into the system will be a significant contribution towards generating ethical accounting education. This paper attempts to elucidate how the Islamic ethics contribute its role towards ethical accountants as the products of accounting education

Credit scoring system is a classic problem which is still interesting to study. There are many studieson

credit scoring. But, most of them only discuss feasibility analysis. In fact, credit scoring system should

accommodate all processes from feasibility analysis until the end of contract. This study is aimed to

analyze and design scoring of default status and fines computation processes in Islamic bank. BPMN

2.0 was used to model their processes. Beside that,this study proposed new mechanisms and algorithms

using Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets for maintaining Sharia rules and fairness guarantee. The results

showed that the new methods offer more fair and comply to sharia than existing methods

Although the growth of Islamic banking assets is still high, the market share of Islamic banking reached only ± 4,92% by the end of May 2014. Islamic banks should implement an appropriate strategy to face dynamic changes in the business environment. The education strategy is one of the business strategies of Islamic banks that remain a priority today. It provides information and understanding for society about the function, role, activities, and products as well as services of Islamic banks. This study examines the impact of fit between the education strategy and contingency variables (known as strategic-fit) on performance. The contingency variables include efficiency of input, organizational competency, CEO tenure, and composition of shariah supervisory board. The performance of Islamic banks consists of both financial and social performances. Using the data from 1997 to 2012 of 10 fully-fledge Islamic banks in Indonesia and least squares method, this study shows that the efficiency of input has a positive effect on the educational strategy implementation. On the other hand, the composition of shariah supervisory board and organizational competency negatively affect the implementation of the educational strategy. Nevertheless, there is no strong evidence that CEO tenure influences the implementation of the educational strategy. Adopting the method of Van de Ven and Drazin (1985) to determine the degree of strategic misfit, this study finds that the misfit between educational strategy and its contingency variables has a negative effect on financial performance, but no significant effect of misfit on social performance.

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the effect of management accounting–strategy coalignment on the maqasid Shariah-based performance of Islamic banks in Indonesia. The study also examines the role of the corporate life cycle of Islamic banks in influencing the relationship between management accounting– strategy coalignment and performance. Design/methodology/approach – Management accounting practices, management control systems, strategy and maqasid Shariah-based performance are measured using questionnaires which were distributed to 97 directors and heads of Islamic banks. The model of this study is analyzed using structural equation model. Findings – This study finds that the coalignment between low cost-oriented strategy, strategic management accounting practices and mechanistic management control system has positive impact on improving maqasid Shariah-based performance. However, this study is unable to verify that corporate life cycle strengthens the positive relationship between management accounting–strategy coalignment and performance. Research limitations/implications – Limited indicators of management accounting practices in this study illustrate less comprehensive management accounting practices. Further studies may add other relevant management accounting as described by the International Federation of Accounting Committee to provide a more comprehensive management accounting practices. Practical implications – This study provides recommendations to the management of Islamic banks to design management accounting practices and management control systems that fit to their strategic orientation. Originality/value – This paper fulfils limited empirical studies on management accounting practices and strategy in Islamic banking industry.

This research has objectives to investigate political, social, economic and cultural factors in accounting

development in Western, Asian and Islamic countries as well as to study the impact to Islamic financial

institutions. Using Interactiv

e Analysis as the research method, this paper focuses on Indonesia, Britain

and Saudi Arabia, as the countries of analysis due to their signifiant growth in Islamic finance. The analysis

shows that accounting development in all countries under study is inf

luenced by several factors such as

history, politics and culture. These factors also lead the countries’ policies how to develop shariah based

accounting

This study explores the best reporting form as a representation of waqf accountability through nazhir’s perspectives, i.e. waqf institutions in Indonesia. The method used in this study is the Analytic Network Process combined with Delphi. The results show that financial statements obtained from the first rank as the best reporting form. However, the waqf institutions could have difficulties in delivering a high-quality financial statement since there is a lack of understanding about the new waqf accounting standard that will be applied in 2021. The development of a comprehensive and down to earth guidance is crucial in helping the institutions apply the standard, with a help line as a backup. Continuous education and certification are also useful to enhance the skills of human resources in the waqf institutions concerning waqf management and accountability reporting.

Purpose – This study aims to analyse whether theories and views of classical Islamic scholars are widely adopted as references in Islamic accounting and finance (IAF), Islamic economics (IE) and Islamic business management (IBM) research studies as part of their contribution to solving current economic and financial problems. Design/methodology/approach – The research adopts a qualitative meta-analysis methodology using NVivo 12 with selected data from 474 international journal articles published between 1981 and 2021. The study considers 172 IAF articles, 111 IE articles and 191 IBM articles. Findings – The results of the study show that the use of theories and views of classical Islamic scholars is not widespread among the examined research papers. The findings show that 90% of researchers tend to acquire modern economics, management, psychological and sociological theories instead of classical theories. Both modern and classical theories have been discussed in the studied articles namely agency theory, stakeholders’ theory, h _ isbah (accountability), maqas _ id al-Sharıʿah (objectives of Islamic law) and waʿd (unilateral promise). The gaps prevail not only in the taxonomy of terms but also in the choice of paradigm references. It is found that 66% of the 474 journal articles adopt a positivist paradigm, followed by interpretivism (19%), poststructuralism (9%) and critical orientation (6%). Research limitations/implications – This paper considers only ABS ranking journal articles. Future research may consider other journal articles from different ranking groups such as Scopus or Thomson & Reuters. Practical implications – The paper sheds light on how Islamic educational institutions can develop strategies for the Integration of Knowledge (IOK) in their curriculum. Social implications – This paper helps to shape the Muslims’ way of thinking within an Islamic worldview which will lead to an Islamic way of expressing knowledge, skill and behaviour. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the model of IOK that has been deliberated among Islamic universities, especially those that develop IAF, IE and IBM studies.

The main objective of this research is to investigate factors influencing the growth of Islamic banks’ assets in Indonesia. Firstly, this research adopts Granger Causality Test under Vector Auto-Regression (VAR) method and secondly, it adopts Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) through Impulse Response Function (IRF) and Forecasted Error Variance Decomposition (FEVD) analyses. The period of the research is from March 2004 to December 2009 and the data are time-series data that are cited from SEKI-BI, SPS, SPI, BPS and annual reports. The finding of Granger Causality Test in Indonesian Islamic banks concludes that industrial production does not have causal relationship with asset growth. This is due to the size of industrial production, which is too big to cause the asset growth and the size of Islamic banks’ asset, which is too small (2.5%) to cause the industrial production in the country. Conclusion of VECM model through its IRF and FEVD is that inflation and interest rate are major variables that negatively affect the asset growth while industrial production, human capital and office branch and channeling are variables that contribute positive impact to the asset growth. Although the impact is insignificant, human capital and office branch and channeling promise long-term positive impact to asset growth.

Skripsi ini membahas pengaruh model jigsaw terhadap hasil belajar siswa mata pelajaran akidah akhlak kelas X MA Darussalaf Kecamatan Lemahabang Kabupaten Cirebon. Kajiannya melatarbelakangi oleh hasil belajar akidah akhlak MA Darussalaf yang bervariasi, hal tersebut ditunjukan dari dokumentasi hasil angket dan nilai tes. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis memaparkan tiga permasalahan yaitu: bagaimana model pembelajaran di MA Darussalaf, bagaimana hasil belajar akidah akhlak kelas X MA Darussalaf, dan bagaimana pengaruh model jigsaw terhadap hasil belajar siswa mata pelajaran akidah akhlak siswa kelas X MA Darussalaf Kecamatan Lemahabang Kabupaten Cirebon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kemampuan model jigsaw mempunyai pengaruh terhadap hasil belajar akidah akhlak kelas X MA Darussalaf Kecamatan Lemahabang Kabupaten Cirebon.

This article investigates in the literature the influence between Islamic banking performance and monetary policy. With the literature search method using Mendeley Desktop software. The results show that from the various literatures that examine monetary policy and Islamic banking performance, not much has been found that examines and links monetary policy to Islamic banking performance. The search results show that this research still has the potential to be re-examined empirically using both quantitative and qualitative methods, using both primary and secondary data.

This article investigates in the literature the influence between Islamic banking performance and monetary policy. With the literature search method using Mendeley Desktop software. The results show that from the various literatures that examine monetary policy and Islamic banking performance, not much has been found that examines and links monetary policy to Islamic banking performance. The search results show that this research still has the potential to be re-examined empirically using both quantitative and qualitative methods, using both primary and secondary data.

Purpose

This study aims to test whether loan loss provisions in Islamic banks is procyclical by explicitly examining the link between non-discretionary provisions and loan growth. In the next stage, this paper tests whether the link between non-discretionary provisions and loan growth is conditional on bank capitalization and lending. This is to identify whether bank-specific factors affect the procyclicality of non-discretionary provisions and whether such procyclicality can be explained by income smoothing in banks with different capitalization and loan profiles.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is conducted in four stages. The first stage identifies the determinants of loan loss provisions. The second stage investigates whether income smoothing is affected by capitalization and lending activities. In the third stage, the link between non-discretionary provisions and loan growth is examined. In the fourth stage, this paper tests whether the link between non-discretionary provisions and loan growth is affected by bank capitalization and lending. A two-way panel-fixed effect model is used.

Findings

Non-discretionary provisions are procyclical, particularly for banks with lower capitalization and lending activities, because such banks do not conduct income smoothing. Specifically, banks with lower capitalization experience a decline in loan growth when non-discretionary provisions to cover credit risk increase.

Research limitations/implications

The dataset used in this study follows Soedarmono et al. (2017) and does not enable to differentiate types of financing products in Islamic banks that may exacerbate or mitigate the procyclicality of non-discretionary provisions.

Originality/value

This paper extends prior literature on the procyclicality of loan loss provisions by specifically investigating the influence of non-discretionary provisions on loan growth in Islamic banks and whether such relationship depends on the role of income smoothing undertaken by banks with different levels of capitalization and lending. This paper builds on the work of Soedarmono et al. (2017) in which they do not explicitly examine the relationship between loan loss provisions and loan growth.

It is challenging for Islamic banking as a business institution to provide qard al hassan. In this paper, we proposed qard al hassan platform (QHP) as the model which can be implemented for Islamic banking. QHP can use an internet base where the synergy of public to give fund through social crowdfunding and the capability of bank to provide good corporate governance in managing fund and assessment qard al hassan as financing in productive sector. Since there is no fee of qard al hassan to finance operational cost, there are 3 sources will be proposed. First is money from fee for Amil Zakat, second is profit of some portions of collection fund investment, and third is a profit of investment of the upfront payment of qard al hassan. Methodology to calculate upfront payment refer to Mesbah Point. Regarding minimizing and controlling the default rate, the bank should focus on the right target market of borrower and low risk industry sectors. Implementing QHP model can reduce poverty and achieve sustainable growth in society while at the same time creating the fairness of wealth distributing. The needy and the poor can participate in production and create its own wealth. However, the implementation of QHP could not be implemented without adjustment in regulation and set up infrastructure. Regulators need to give bank permission to collect zakat, sadaqah, cash waqf from public and as wakil of funder to execute QHP and together with banking industry to set up the infrastructures.

Applying interest rate is not only prohibited under shariah rule, but also made a world crisis. Similar to conventional, Islamic banking nowadays uses the same component to determine cost of capital in home financing. Islamic scholars then come out with rental rate as replacement of interest rate. This paper attempts to discuss the possibility of using rental rate as the basis in Musharakah Mutanaqisah Partnership (MMP) calculation. Furthermore, this study does comparison between interest rate mortgage and Islamic Musharakah Mutanaqisah and proves that rental rate is better than interest rate in terms of home financing. The result shows that rental rate is lower than interest rate and will vary for each type and location of the house. This study also finds that rental rate tends to be higher in urban areas or close to urban areas. The result of correlation analysis shows that rental rate has positive weak correlation to interest rate. Another interesting fact that emerged from this study is the rental rate tends to be more stable when compared to the interest rate, even in condition of financial crisis in 1997/1998. However, single story in Kuala Lumpur has negative correlation and condominium in Kuala Lumpur has strong correlation to interest rate. Thus we believe that rental rate can be used as an alternative to interest rate for home financing because it reflects the market value of the house and beneficial to society. This paper hopefully is useful for the progress of Islamic banking in the world in terms of implementation of rental rate as a financial product innovation and also an alternative to interest rate.

Knowing the factors which can improve performance is very crucial in every organization including Waqf institutions as charitable institutions. Waqf institutions have significant roles in a country to mobilize and distribute public funds. Examining its performance could be useful to assess Waqf’s perpetual existence. In the context of business organizations, financial ratios which rely on the bottom line can be the tools to examine the performance. Financial ratios somehow reflect the financial health and vulnerability of the organizations. Besides that, the organizations frequently compare actual performance with standards or expectations to enhance the organizations’ achievements. Several financial ratios might be applicable to evaluate non-profit organizations although those ratios do not seem sufficient. Financial ratios alone cannot serve as measures of success in non-profits organizations, these organizations have to be assessed in more complex ways, generally dealing with efficiency and effectiveness. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the performance of Waqf institutions using financial and operational approaches. Using content and ratio analysis, this study examines five years (2008-2012) annual reports of Waqf institutions administered by Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura (State Islamic Religion Council or Singapore) and one Majlis Agama Islam Negeri in Malaysia (one State Islamic Religion Council in Malaysia). This study found in terms of Waqf collections, both institutions have growing amount of Waqf funds. This can be a hint of Waqf awareness among people. Both institutions are also able to generate income from their core activities. However, it can be highlighted from program expenses that both institutions might not have a number of projects and programs relating to the role as Mutawalli. Since financial ratios cannot be the utmost measures of success in Waqf institutions, these organizations have to develop the performance measures which can better evaluate efficiency and effectiveness.

The development of technology has enabled banks to issue products that satisfy the need of its clients. Credit card is one of the latest banking gadgets. It facilitates people to make spot transaction without carrying cash as well as on-line transaction since the credit card issuer pays the proceeds of the transaction on behalf of the buyer. However, for Muslim customers, the usage of conventional credit card which involves practice of riba when there is late payment has brought a conflict with their belief. Therefore, there is a need for a payment instrument which has function as credit card but comply with the Islamic principles. This study will elaborate the practice of Islamic credit cards issued by Bank Danamon Indonesia and Bank Islam Malaysia, which are the first Islamic credit card issuer in both countries. The paper discusses the issue from both economic and shariah point of views. From the practice, it can be seen that the contracts used in Malaysian BI Card are relatively more lenient than which used in Indonesian Dirham Card.

Penggunaan kaidah fikih bahawa hukum dasar muamalah adalah boleh (ibahah) seringkali menyebabkan praktik perbankan syariah menjadi tidak kreatif dan tidak hati-hati terhadap hal-hal yang subhat atau bahkan haram. Peniruan atau pemodifikasian tersebut selain terjadi pada segi produk juga terjadi pada praktik perlakuan akuntansi atas transaksi yang terjadi di perbankan syariah. Salah satunya adalah perlakuan atas transaksi berdenominasi mata uang asing yang terjadi di perbankan syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mengkaji dan menganalisi kaidah-kaidah fiqih atas transaksi berdenominasi mata uang asing yang terjadi di perbankan syariah. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kajian fiqh klasik penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa transaksi berdenominasi mata uang asing dapat dikelompokkan ke dalam tiga hal yaitu : pertama penilaian pada tanggal neraca dan bebas riba, penilaian pada tanggal neraca tetapi rawan akan riba, dan penilaian pada tanggal neraca tetapi tidak diperbolehkan menambah aset atau pendapatan perusahaan. Selain itu laba atau rugi selisih kurs yang terjadi dari transaksi berdenominasi mata uang harus memperhatikan sumber dari laba/rugi tersebut terlebih dahulu sebelum mengategorikannya sebagai bagian dari pendapatan dalam laporan laba rugi perbankan syariah

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif qualitative yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh dari Current Industry Relative Performance (CRP), Future Industry Relative Performance (FRP) dan Leverage (DEBT) terhadap praktik manajemen laba pada Perbankan Indonesia. CRP, FRP dan DEBT diukur dengan mengggunakan rasio keuangan. Manajemen laba diukur dengan menggunakan total akrual. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dengan karakteristik data time series yang berupa laporan keuangan triwulan bank (BM, BRI, BSM, BMI, dan BSMI) tahun 2004 sampai dengan 2008. Dengan menggunakan regresi berganda dengan taraf nyata 5%. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada bank konvensional berdasarkan Uji Simultan, peubah CRP, FRP dan DEBT mempengaruhi praktik manajemen laba (AD), sedangkan berdasarkan Uji Parsial, hanya peubah CRP dan DEBT yang mempengaruhi praktik manajemen laba. Pada bank syariah, berdasarkan Uji Simultan, peubah CRP, FRP, dan DEBT tidak ada yang mempengaruhi praktik manajemen laba (AD), sedangkan berdasarkan Uji Parsial, peubah CRP, FRP dan DEBT tidak mempengaruhi praktik manajemen laba.

This study aims to propose a model of Zero Waste Accounting in Islamic Financial Institutions in Indonesia and how it is relevant to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Due to the nature of the research which is exploration thus the research adopts interpretative approach which is essential to validate the research with “convincingness” approach rather than positivist measures of the reliability, validity of data and the generalization of results. The finding documents that Zero Waste Accounting is in vein with the spirit of Maqashid ul-Shariah that has been embedded as a part of the purpose of Islamic financial institution establishment. Statement of Sources and Uses of Zero Waste Accounting should become one of the additional disclosures. The paper sheds a light the need on Zero Waste Accounting for the accounting standard setters.

This study aims to analyze the effect of the performance relationship, analyze the contribution, and find out how long the shock period of each variable is; (1) BOPO, (2) FDR, (3) ROA, and (4) ROE against Net Operating Margin at Bank NTB Syariah. This study uses the Theory of Good Corporate Governance approach, then the data is processed using the VAR-VECM and ECM methods on the EViews 12 application. There are two analysis results in this study, the first through the VAR-VECM analysis and the second through the ECM, the results of the VAR-VECM test in the equation model have not found a balance both in the long and short term, but on the other hand there are shocks experienced by the independent variables. NOM through the dependent variables BOPO, FDR, ROA, and ROE worth 60.93%, 9.83%, 7.54%, and 4.74%. While the response level of the BOPO variable was positively responsive by 0.012992 by the NOM variable and was stable in period 25, for other variables such as FDR, ROA, and ROE the response fluctuated and did not experience value stability. In contrast to the results of the ECM test where in this test the variables that have a long-term effect are the BOPO, ROA, and ROE variables with the probability values of 0.000, 0.0081, and 0.0375 while for the short-term period the variables that have an effect are only the BOPO variable with a probability value that is worth 0.0341. Keywords:BOPO, FDR, ROA, ROE, NOM, VAR VECM, ECM.1. INTRODUCTION The development of the Islamic banking industry, especially in Indonesia, has received a good response from users of Islamic banking services, especially in provinces where the majority of the population adheres to Islam, one of which is the Province of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) . West Nusa Tenggara Regional Development Bank officially operates fully as Bank NTB Syariah. Bank NTB Syariah is the second Regional Development Bank (BPD) to convert after previously Bank Aceh was successfully converted to Bank Aceh Syariah in 2017 a year before Bank NTB's conversion. Information (Anisah, 2013) suggests the essence of change is that the conditions affected are better than the previous situation, so that the conversion of Bank NTB Syariah is expected to improve regional economic conditions and be able to become