Tawarruq is a new phenomenon in the Islamic financial landscape. It has gained wide acceptance from the market due to its inherent characteristics that can offer similar features as the conventional structure. Nevertheless, tawarruq is exposed to a high degree of shari’ah non-compliant risk mainly because it involves a series of sale contracts in succession. The present study investigates the determinants of shari’ah non-compliant events (SNEs) in tawarruq-based financing as practiced by Islamic banks in Malaysia. The study adopts the Analytic Network Process (ANP) gathering different views of experts from practitioners, regulators, sharī’ah scholars/advisors and researchers/academicians. The study found that lack of understanding and knowledge, inadequate control mechanism and reporting, ineffective functional structure, incompatibility of system to the execution of Islamic products, improper document execution and sequence, and inadequate internal policies and governing rules are the key determinants of SNEs in tawarruq-based financing in Islamic banks in Malaysia.

This study measures an Islamic financial inclusion index in Indonesia based on three dimensions, namely the accessibility, availability and usage of Islamic banking services. Additionally, it measures the relationship between the Islamic financial inclusion index and the human development index (HDI). The study found that the level of Islamic financial inclusion in Indonesia is relatively low at the national level. DKI Jakarta is the most financially inclusive province in Indonesia, followed by East Java and Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. In contrast, East Nusa Tenggara has the lowest average Islamic financial inclusion index. The findings also revealed a positive correlation between the Islamic financial inclusion index and HDI. Those provinces with the highest Islamic financial inclusion index were also likely to have a higher HDI. The findings of the present study suggest that both policymakers and the Islamic financial industry should play a greater role in improving financial access to low-income segments, especially in the eastern part of Indonesia such as East Nusa Tenggara and Papua provinces.

Purpose – Tawarruq (Islamic commodity financing) has evolved as the most ubiquitous concept in Malaysia’s Islamic banking industry. Nevertheless, the extensive use of tawarruq has invoked a number of Sharīʿah (Islamic law) concerns in its practice. This study aims to investigate the Sharīʿah non-compliant (SNC) phenomena in the practice of tawarruq financing in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach – This study adopts qualitative research methodology, combining both descriptive and content analysis. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 16 Malaysian Islamic commercial banks to unveil the Sharīʿah non-compliance issues in the application of tawarruq in Islamic banks (IBs) in Malaysia. Findings – The study found that some practices of tawarruq in Malaysia might not comply with the Sharīʿah, mainly due to the improper sequencing of contracts. The study also discovered that IBs adopt different approaches in dealing with SNC events and the income derived therefrom. Finally, the study noted the influence of board of director/ management on certain Sharīʿah decisions particularly on the treatment of non-
hal
al (impermissible) income. Practical implications – The findings of the study serve as a reference to industry players and regulators in formulating a Sharīʿah non-compliance risk management framework for tawarruq practices. Originality/value – The survey on SNC issues in tawarruq practice constitutes the first of its kind in the existing literature.

The purpose of this study is to compare the cost efficiency of takaful and its conventional insurance counterparts in Malaysia. The study measures the cost efficiency scores of takaful and conventional insurance companies in Malaysia over the period 2009-2011 using non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) based on selected multiple input and output variables. Output variables used are gross premium and investment income while input variables are management expenses, fees and commission expenses. The study finds that conventional insurance companies in Malaysia performed better efficiency than takaful companies in 2011. The finding is consistent with study by Ismail, et al (2011) and Saad (2012). The study suggests that takaful and conventional insurance companies should allocate input more efficiently and improve the quality of services as the average scale efficiency is higher than the average of overall and technical efficiency. Takaful must also be more alert towards external factor costs as the scale of efficiency continuously decreased. In order to be more focused, the study only compares the efficiency of takaful and conventional insurance companies from an input oriented approach. The study is also limited to 7 takaful operators and 19 conventional insurance companies and, as such, the finding is most probably indicative, but does not reflect the overall performance of the takaful industry. As part of a policy recommendation, the study provides data on cost efficiency of conventional insurance and takaful companies in Malaysia, which is valuable for regulators in formulating appropriate policy to enhance the competitiveness of the takaful industry in Malaysia.

Islam is the perfect religious concept, all of life’s activities are measured in the purpose of sharia enforcement. Maqashid sharia is a benchmark in determining activity in the determination, whether it is by these objectives or not. Credit card is a form of facility created to facilitate consumers in making transactions. This product is multiplying and changing the paradigm of consumers in making transactions in the digital era. Credit card has many benefits and functions, one of its functions is substituted for cash. Method of this study using literacy, data collection and collection of objects. The finding is that the contemporary scholars agree that in practice sharia credit cards are permissible as long as there are no aspects of gharar, usury, but also contain the maslahah of the users. DSN MUI responded favourably to the credit card with the issuance of the fatwa DSN No. 54/DSN/- MUI/X/2006 concerning KKS (Sharia Credit Card).

Data analysis in research of the study becomes urgent; it is the key for a successful research. Using wrong of data analysis will result on the error conclusion. Therefore, choosing the right analysis to examine a problem in research is an important thing to be considered. Maqashid Shari’ah is the purpose and objective of Shari’ah that was initiated by the earlier Muslim scholars that put fondation of maqashid al-khamsah which is formulated in the protection of; religion, soul, mind, heredity and property. How to make maqashid Shari’ah as a tool in analyzing Islamic economic research especially sharia economic law? The method used in this research is grounded theory which the study of maqashid Shari’ah developed into an analysis in qualitative research. The data used are thoughts sourced from experts who discuss about this theme. It is further developed into a measuring tool in the analysis of the study. The result of data in this research is that maqashid Shari’ah is very suitable to be the analysis tool in sharia economic law research. It can be formulated in its general nature that is maqashid Shari’ah taken generally from some maqashid experts. And also turn out a single thought about maqashid Shari’ah used as an analysis tool.

Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) found that the poor and low income people were reluctant to join as insurance participants. OJK has conducted many socialization activities about microinsurance for low-income people which aimed to increase their literacy of insurance. SMES (Sederhana – Mudah – Ekonomis – Segera) services aim to increase insurance inclusion. The study aims to propose a model of value-based service on microtakaful. The service refers to SMES (Sederhana – Mudah – Ekonomis – Segera) and Maslahah Performa value. SMES value to explain the value expected by takaful participants. Maslahah performa to explain the fulfillment of needs to sharia demands by takaful operator. The SMES variable is developed into various sub variables according to SEOJK. Maslahah performa is elaborated to get worship orientation variables and internal process orientation which then be developed into various sub variables. The subvariable weight is determined according to the importance level of each sub variable. The research finds that a value-based microtakaful service model can be derived from the SMES approach and maslahah performa. There is a linkage between the value-based microtakaful service according to participant expectation and spirituality and sustainability. The reasearch will contribute to increase literacy of microinsurance.

This research generally describes the application of performance measurement in Baitul Maal wat Tamwil (BMT) based on orientation to benefit all stakeholders (stakeholders & shareholders), but studies that specifically measure aspects of the methodology for implementing performance measurement are still limited. Therefore, Maslahah Performa is used as an instrument in the application of performance measurement in BMT Umat Mandiri. The study aims to determine the implementation of performance measurement Maslahah Performa issues on BMT Umat Mandiri. Knowing the results of the analysis of the application of process performance measurement and benefit-based performance results in BMT Umat Mandiri. The methodology used in this study is qualitative and quantitative research methods with case study design. The research findings indicate that six benefit orientations exist in BMT Umat Mandiri. These orientations include worship, internal processes, talents, learning, customers, and property. The six orientations found in this research have a foundation of benefit in realizing strategic objectives for the achievement of benefit. BMT Umat Mandiri has a process performance of 0,400 and performance results of 0,656 which means that BMT Umat Mandiri provides less benefit to stakeholders.

Purpose – The study aims to determine the role of trust, image and customer satisfaction in improving customer loyalty to Islamic banks. Research examined new indicators related Islamic banks to conventional banks. Study also analyzed differences in the loyalty of two groups of observation, deposan and financing, loyal customer and dual customer. Design/methodology/ approach – The study consisted of 3 stages: in-depth study of literature, interview and survey. The unit of analysis is seven major Indonesin Islamic Banks: Bank Muamalat, Bank Syariah Mandiri, BNI Syariah, etc. The analysis methods used in testing the hypothesis is Structural Equation Modeling by using Partial Least Square. Findings – Customer trust has positive and significant impact to develope customer loyalty. Both Image and customer satisfaction significantly influence on building customer trust. Image also has a significant effect on increasing customer satisfaction. The new indicator for image, improvement and innovation as well as strategic and sustainability proved to be valid and reliable in measuring the image of Islamic banks. The new indicator for trust, legal compliance proven valid and reliable in measuring customer trust dimension. Research also shows differences loyalty between groups of depositor customer and financing customer.

This study aims to analyze the influence of Total Quality Management (TQM) implementation to competitive advantage and company’s performance, especially to small and medium manufacturing company. Using Partial Least Square (PLS) tested the hypothesis of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). There is significant influence between TQM implementation to competitive advantage. Likewise with a competitive advantage to the company’s performance there is significant influence. But there is no significant influence directly between TQM to the company’s performance. The study discusses about the implementation of TQM in small and medium manufacturing companies. In the practice, implementation of TQM in small and medium manufacturing companies are not as smooth as the large manufacturing company

The Muslim population of Indonesia in 2010 reached 207 million, while the number of poor people reached 27,76 million. On the other hand, Indonesia is prone to natural disaster. By 2015 there are 16,830 villages hit by floods, 3,827 villages experiencing earthquakes, and 7,861 villages experiencing landslides. It is important for Indonesian people to pool fundraising to help each other (ta'awun). One of the schemes is through the microtakaful program. The next issue is the inability of the poor Indonesian to pay a pooling fund. The research is conducted with the aim to analyze the appropriate model of microtakaful in Indonesia using infaq/sadaqah and zakah fund as an alternative payment of subsidy of microtakaful contribution. The research is conducted with several methods, namely the study of indepth literature on the utilization of infaq/sadaqah and zakah fund. The proposed models of utilization of infaq/sadaqah and zakah fund to subsidy ta’awun fund, validate the model through interviews to experts, practitioners and fund managers, process the data through Analytic Network Process (ANP), and determine the best model in utilizing infaq/sadaqah and zakah fund to subsidy ta’awun fund. Fund management model to become the object of research are microtakaful model and subsidy fund from the government model. The study shows that: Firstly, Ta'awun's fundraising in Indonesia is in line with the shariah objectives of protecting the soul, protecting religion, protecting intellect, protecting wealth, and protecting progeny. Secondly, the microtakaful model implemented in Indonesia is a microtakaful model by institution independently, a microtakaful model with a subsidy from infaq/sadaqahfund, a microtakaful model with a subsidy from zakah funds, ta’awun fund management model with a subsidy from the government and microtakaful model with a subsidy from other institution. Third, an important component in microtakaful is aqad, participant, underwriting process, investment, donor party and facility needs. The proper aqad in ta’awunfundraising is mudharabahmusytarakah.The simple Underwriting process is required. Parties that act as donors are zakah institution and government. Participants as beneficiaries of the contribution are poor and needy.

Purpose – The purpose of the study is twofold: first, it is to develop each aspect of ma
sla
hah
darūriyah (essential needs), i.e. dīn (faith/religion), nafs (soul), ʿaql (intellect), na
sl (descendants) and mal (wealth), into various aspects of organisational essential needs; second, it is to formulate ma
sla
hah-based performance measurement. Design/methodology/approach – The research is an exploratory study that uses a two-stage design: defining the research question and developing the research design. The research question is how each element of ma
sla
hah
darūriyah can become an element of organisational essential needs. The research design developed is to formulate ma
sla
hah-based performance measurement. Findings – The study concludes that ma
sla
hah
darūriyah could be developed as a basis for identifying organisational essential needs. The five elements of ma
sla
hah
darūriyah are developed into the following organisational essential needs: worship orientation, internal process orientation, talent orientation, learning orientation, customer orientation and wealth orientation. Ma
sla
hah-based performance measurement uses five variables: strategic objective, measure, formula, target and strategic initiatives and applies the modified plan – do – check – action cycle: performance planning, performance implementation, performance evaluation and performance action. Practical implications – Organisational essential needs can be developed by Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) into performance measurement. IFIs have six essential needs that can be developed into performance variables. Key performance indicators that can be developed for each need are worship orientation (social responsibility, regulatory compliance and Sharīʿah compliance); internal process orientation (innovation process, digital adaptation and employee satisfaction); talent orientation (career development, talent pool, compensation and benefits); learning orientation (training programme, training evaluation and return on training investment); customer orientation (customer engagement, customer satisfaction, customer survey and promotion programme); wealth orientation (profitability, cost-cutting, share prices, dividends, cost efficiency and financial sustainability). Originality/value – This paper contributes to new knowledge. The study attempts to discuss the organisational essential needs based on the ma
sla
hah
darūriyah concept, while previous studies discussed organisational needs based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. In developing performance measurement, organisational performance is measured in a balanced manner. According to the concept of ma
sla
hah, not only financial factors but also worship, internal processes, talents, learning and customers define © Achmad Firdaus. Published in ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance

This study aims to analyze the criteria for investing in Hajj funds and alternative investments that provide benefits to Muslims so that they have an impact on economic growth. By using the Analytic Network Process (ANP) approach, alternative investments offered are Infrastructure, Property, Financial Sector, and Real Sector. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of pairwise comparisons between groups and their assessment indicators. A total of 7 (seven) expert speakers (experts) who became respondents successfully collected and processed using the ANP method. The results showed that investment in infrastructure and the real sector provides benefits to Muslims economically, so as to improve the welfare of Muslims which in turn can encourage economic growth.

Kinerja bisnis berbasis syariah yang diukur dengan sistem pengukuran kinerja konvensional cenderung memperoleh hasil bias. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengukur kinerja bisnis berbasis syariah dengan menggunakan sistem pengukuran kinerja berbasis maqasid al-shariah yaitu maslahah scorecard (MaSC). Pengukuran diterapkan melalui dua kegiatan: pengukuran kinerja proses, yaitu dengan membandingkan kinerja bisnis terhadap standar MaSC, dan pengukuran kinerja hasil, yaitu dengan membandingkan pencapaian target setiap orientasi kemaslahatan terhadap target kemaslahatan yang ditetapkan. Rentang kinerja hasil MaSC adalah dari 0,000 (bisnis tidak memberikan kemaslahatan) sampai 1,000 (bisnis memberikan kemaslahatan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja hasil PT Asuransi Takaful Keluarga (ATK) adalah sebesar 0,691 yang berarti PT ATK cukup memberikan kemaslahatan. Nilai didapat dari orientasi ibadah 0,110, orientasi proses internal 0,166, orientasi tenaga kerja 0,083, orientasi pembelajaran 0,166, orientasi pelanggan 0,083, dan orientasi kekayaan 0,083. Rentang kinerja proses MaSC adalah dari 0,000 (bisnis tidak menerapkan MaSC) sampai 1,000 (bisnis menerapkan MaSC secara penuh). Kinerja proses PT. ATK adalah sebesar 0,666 yang berarti PT ATK telah menerapkan MaSC tetapi belum penuh. Nilai didapat dari proses mengidentifikasi fondasi kemaslahatan 0,111, mendapatkan perilaku kemaslahatan 0,111, menentukan sasaran strategis 0,111, menentukan ukuran maslahah 0,111, menetapkan target 0,000, menentukan inisiatif strategis 0,111, melakukan pengukuran kinerja 0,111, melakukan evaluasi hasil 0,00, dan melakukan perbaikan dan peningkatan 0,000.

Muslims are encouraged to plan their lives economically and financially in order to achieve the objectives of Shariah. The intention to conduct Islamic economical and financial planning must be aligned with the application of Maqasid Shariah, which emphasizes on the protection of essential needs of Muslims that include preservation of wealth. Furthermore, goal of wealth management is to achieve falah. Objective of wealth management is to get maslahah. Maslahah based wealth management can be derived from cycle of acquiring and utilizing wealth (Firdaus, 2014). Acquiring wealth can be carried out by fullfilling worship orientation, internal process orientation, talent orientation, learning orientation, customer orientation and wealth orientation. Utilizing wealth can be carried out by allocating asset to wealth orientation, customer orientation, learning orientation, talent orientation, internal process orientation, worship orientation. This study proposes the framework of Maslahah Performa as wealth management system in order to highlight its contribution to more comprehensive, rational and realistic answers to contemporary public policy issues in Islamic economic system and to thereby increase awareness of Maslahah Performa approach in structuring and developing public policy products. For this purpose, the authors examine the position of the Maslahah Performa concept in public policy. They also present the essential elements of Maslahah Performa and explain how this approach may contribute to better solutions for various public policy issues and challenges.

The aims of this study are to understand the causes and impacts of consumerism on personal finance and find the solution to this problem by using Islamic wealth management. By using thematic analysis this study reviewing consumerism from the perspective of personal finance in Islamic wealth management approach. This study found that the causes of consumerism involve both external and internal factors. The impacts of consumerism on personal finance are the debt trap, no productive and charity allocation. An exact number of maximum consumption cannot be set for every individual or family, but they are all agreed that allocating income should be based on the right priority scale. The second finding is we propose Islamic Wealth Management (IWM) approaches in reducing the problem of Consumerism.

The new government regulation on Islamic finance sector has contributed to the growth of Islamic banking in Indonesia. However, the higher demand of financing in Islamic banking business activities not followed by the good growth of funding. This condition, may cause liquidity problem in the future. Furthermore, Islamic bank need to diversify the allocation of funding sources to liquidity instruments such sovereign Sukuk (SBSN) at the right time in order to reduce liquidity risk. This paper aims to analyze the effects of assets and liabilities on sovereign Sukuk (SBSN) based on model Autoregresif Distributed-Lag (ARDL) for Islamic Bank. The data for Islamic Bank collected from The Financial Services Authority of Indonesia (OJK), and sovereign sukuk data collected from Directorate General of Budget Financing and Risk Management Ministry of Finance (DJPPR). Assets and liabilities determinants factors like, third parties fund / DPK (saving and current account), Musharakah,Murabahah, Cash, deposits account owned by Islamic Bank in Central Bank (giro BI), Islamic Securities owned by Islamic bank, and previous period of sovereign sukuk ownership. In general, results of this study shows that the effects of assets and liabilities on sovereign Sukuk (SBSN) influence significanly positif by third parties fund / DPK (saving and current account), Musharakah Financing, and previous period of sovereign sukuk ownership. Whereas influence significantly negative by Cash, deposits account owned by Islamic Bank in Central Bank (giro BI), Islamic Securities owned by Islamic bank, and Murabahah Financing.

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the effect of management accounting–strategy coalignment on the maqasid Shariah-based performance of Islamic banks in Indonesia. The study also examines the role of the corporate life cycle of Islamic banks in influencing the relationship between management accounting– strategy coalignment and performance. Design/methodology/approach – Management accounting practices, management control systems, strategy and maqasid Shariah-based performance are measured using questionnaires which were distributed to 97 directors and heads of Islamic banks. The model of this study is analyzed using structural equation model. Findings – This study finds that the coalignment between low cost-oriented strategy, strategic management accounting practices and mechanistic management control system has positive impact on improving maqasid Shariah-based performance. However, this study is unable to verify that corporate life cycle strengthens the positive relationship between management accounting–strategy coalignment and performance. Research limitations/implications – Limited indicators of management accounting practices in this study illustrate less comprehensive management accounting practices. Further studies may add other relevant management accounting as described by the International Federation of Accounting Committee to provide a more comprehensive management accounting practices. Practical implications – This study provides recommendations to the management of Islamic banks to design management accounting practices and management control systems that fit to their strategic orientation. Originality/value – This paper fulfils limited empirical studies on management accounting practices and strategy in Islamic banking industry.

Sukuk Negara diterbitkan sebagai upaya diversifikasi pembiayaan APBN sekaligus untuk pengembangan pasar keuangan syariah. Sejak 2008, selain Surat Utang Negara (SUN), Pemerintah memiliki alternatif instrumen pembiayaan APBN yang menyasar investor syariah. Namun berdasarkan hasil pengamatan, untuk tenor yang sama, Sukuk Negara memiliki rata-rata expected return (yield) lebih tinggi dibandingkan SUN. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi investor dalam menentukan liquidity premium Sukuk Negara terhadap SUN. Dimensi likuiditas seperti trading cost dan market depth serta terms Sukuk Negara, seperti time to maturity dan kupon, digunakan untuk menganalisis pengaruh tersebut. Hasil penelitian terhadap seri PBS003 dan PBS004 menunjukkan bahwa dimensi trading cost berpengaruh terhadap kedua seri tersebut. Namun untuk PBS003, terlihat bahwa dalam jangka panjang (t-5) investor lebih mengharapkan volatilitas pasar. Faktor likuiditas dalam memperhitungkan risiko menjadi pertimbangan investor dalam jangka pendek (t-3). Adapun dimensi market depth berpengaruh signifikan terhadap liquidity premium PBS004 namun tidak signifikan terhadap PBS003. Dimensi kedalaman pasar 4 bulan sebelumnya (t-4) signifikan memengaruhi liquidity premium PBS004. Tidak adanya market maker diduga menjadi salah satu penyebab lag dari dimensi kedalaman pasar. Terms Sukuk Negara signifikan mempengaruhi keputusan investor dalam menentukan liquidity premium.

Perkembangan bank Syariah tidak terlepas dari pengaruh krisis ekonomi global, dimana ketika guncangan keuangan menyebar ke real ekonomi selama fase krisis, bank syariah menderita kerugian tinggi dengan tingkat ketidakstabilan keuangan. Penting bagi bank syariah untuk menerapkan kebijakan dalam bisnis yang dilakukan untuk menentukan komposisi portofolio keuangannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis profil risiko dan imbal hasil pembiayaan perbankan syariah pada akad mudharabah, murabahah, dan istishna ketika terjadi krisis ekonomi. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model mean-variance yang diperkenalkan oleh Markowitz (1952), dengan menggunakan Microsoft Excel 2019. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa 3 instrumen pembiayaan antara lain pembiayaan murabahah, mudharabah, dan istishna pada BUS dan UUS. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yaitu bersumber dari laporan keuangan melalui situs resmi Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dan Bank Indonesia (BI) tahun 2004-2021. Hasil pertama dalam penelitian ini adalah tingkat imbal hasil dan risiko periode sebelum krisis menunjukkan bahwa pembiayaan murabahah memiliki nilai rata-rata risiko dan nilai rata-rata imbal hasil aktual terbesar dari kedua pembiayaan yaitu murabahah dan istishna. Sedangkan imbal hasil dan risiko pada ekonomi krisis, pembiayaan mudharabah memiliki nilai rata-rata risiko dan nilai rata-rata imbal hasil aktual terbesar dari pembiayaan murabahah dan istishna. Dan pembiayaan Istishna merupakan pembiayaan yang memiliki nilai rata-rata imbal hasil dan risiko terendah pada kedua kondisi ekonomi tersebut dengan tren cenderung stabil. Hasil kedua menunjukkan bahwa Titik B ke C adalah pilihan alternatif portofolio investasi yang paling optimal atau disebut the most efficient portfolio frontier dari industri perbankan syariah periode 2004 sampai 2021.